Essay on Eva Luna and A Dolls House The Nature Of Power

Discuss the nature of power explored in the texts, Eva Luna, and A Doll’s House In the two texts Eva Luna, and A Doll’s House, by Isabel Allende and Henrik Ibsen respectively, there are various people who have power over others. However this power comes in a number of forms, different characters use it for different purposes, and the ways the characters achieve it also differs. These different natures of power allow some people to succeed where others fail, and it is those who succeed that, in the end, have the true power. In the novel Eva Luna, there are various people who are in positions of power. The one who is the most obvious to the reader is the General; a dictator. He has the power to control and manipulate others to do as†¦show more content†¦For Elvira, it is almost that she can’t cope without one of Eva’s stories to get her through the day. And when they were separated, and she would visit Eva, she would ask Eva for ‘a long story to last till the next visit.’ (Allende, 96) The imagination is a powerful thing, and Eva is able to communicate directly with people’s imaginations. It is this ability to cope in, and move beyond oppressive situations that made her life such a success, and her ambitions more achievable. Eva was able to put up with a lot in her time as a servant. She had the self-power to tolerate much harshness from her employers, but when she was unhappy, she did not contain this unhappiness inside her, and let it destroy her emotionally, as perhaps weaker characters might, she let her mind be known, and this is nowhere more obvious, then when she left her job working for the minister: ‘With absolute aplomb, as if it were something I did every day, I lifted the receptacle high and emptied it over the head of the Minister of State – with a single motion of the wrist liberating myself from humiliation. For an eternal second the Minister sat motionless, eyes bulging.’ (Allende, 101) In the play A Doll’s House, both Nora and Torvald have power over each other. However, they are very different types of power. The power of Torvald over Nora is more obvious because it is economic, physical,

Drug Addiction The Deadly Habit - 1259 Words

The Deadly Habit Though some consider drug addiction as a disease, it can completely overrun someone’s life. Drug dependence affects one out of twelve Americans and greatly affects the way they live their lives and the people around them (Hedden, Kennet, Lipari, Medley, Tice,1) . In recent years addiction has been studied extensively and the idea that addiction is a disease is based on the changing of the brain and the extensive work it takes to absolve being dependent on drugs. Drugs not only affect the ones whom use them, but their loved ones as well. I have felt the pain first hand of what drugs can do to people and how they change their lives. A drug addict puts the drug over all else and their lives seem to revolve around finding†¦show more content†¦Seeing this change developed me to become interested in how these drugs hooked their users and ruined their lives. Classifying drug abuse as a disease is not only incorrect, but it takes away the personal responsibilities of the drug user. While the way people get addicted to drugs can be different, it is more-or-less the same for everyone. At the end of the day it falls on the user to make the decision on whether to partake in it or not. A portion of those who choose to do drugs might be more susceptible ad fall due to having an addictive personality. If we call drug abuse a disease you make this problem sound like it’s something you can’t beat without medical attention or with out some special treatment. In today’s society, people have lost their values forcing them to have the inability to take responsibility for their own actions. People don’t believe that they could be the center of the problem or that they’re not strong enough to stop the use of these drugs, and instead, choose to label it as a disease. It takes the blame off them instead of facing t he underlining problem of an addiction that was present from the beginning. Drug addiction is not considered a disease because it is curable without the use of medicine. Tim Holden once reported that â€Å"a patient with cancer is not cured if locked In a cell, whereas an alcoholic is automatically cured. NO access to alcohol means no alcoholism. A person with

The Importance Of Scarcity Free Samples †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Importance Of Scarcity. Answer: The basic problem that every economy face is the problem of scarcity. The terms scarcity implies limited availability. In economics, the problem of scarcity arises because of unlimited wants and limited resources to fulfill these wants. People have to make choices. The choices involve trade off and opportunity cost. The existence of scarcity is the foundation of economics. If there is no scarcity and unlimited supply of resources then people can meet their unlimited needs and wants. However, in reality scarcity exists and this leads to three most important question ofeconomics what to produce. How to produce and for whom to produce. The first question addressed is what goods the economy should produce. This means decision needs to be taken regarding chouce of goods. Weight should be given on necessaery goods. The second question is about technique of productions. The scares resources should be used efficienty. This means production should be undertaken in such a way that optimally uses resources without any wastage and yield maximum benefit (Baumol Blinder, 2015). The third question address the targeted group of individual whose needs are to be staisfied. Priority should be given on invidual that constitutes majority of individual. The importance of scarcity is reflectecd in terms of tradeoff and opportunity cost that people face in their everyday life. Tradeoff means sacrifising somethimg to obtain more of some other. Given fixed resources an economy is able to produce only a certain combination of necessary goods. Now, if quantity of some goods increased then it must be accompanied with reduced production of some other goods (Cowen Tabarrok, 2015). This is the opportunity cost of achieving the extra amount of the goods. If there is no contraints in forms of limited resource then this problem would not exists. Scarcity leads to the problem economic efficiency. The scarcity of resources makes is essential to employ resources in the most efficient manner. The objective is allocate resources among production of different goods in a way that there is no possible option left where more of one good is produced without reducing production of some other good, Such efficiency point is called pareto efficient equilibrium points (Galbraith, 2017). Owing to scarcity problem society always tries to use all of its resources to attain highest level of satisfaction. The scaricity thus leads to problems of economic choice. In daily life people faces different choice problem. The resource is the income. With the limited income they have to make a trade off among different choices. Government faces trade off while taking decision regarding public investment (Sowell, 2014). That is whether to allocate more funds on health care, defense or education. The decision depends on current status or need of the economy. Economist often considers free market as the best means of allocating resources. In the free market resources are efficiently allocated in lines with demand without any intervention. Summing up all the things, it can be said that problem of scarcity exists due to limited resources and unlimited wants and plays a vital role in economic decision making. References Baumol, W. J., Blinder, A. S. (2015).Microeconomics: Principles and policy. Cengage Learning. Cowen, T., Tabarrok, A. (2015).Modern principles of economics. Palgrave Macmillan. Galbraith, J. K. (2017).Economics in perspective: A critical history. Princeton University Press. Sowell, T. (2014).Basic economics. Hachette UK.

Most Important Considerations Of The Auditâ€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Most Important Considerations Of The Audit? Answer: Introduction: The American Accounting Association (AAA) founded in the year 1916 is found as having a reputable and most significant history for having a place as a premier community of accountants in academia. The variety of membership has been capable of creating a culture where there is collaboration as well as innovation. The report is aimed at addressing the different types of legal as well as ethical reasons that need to be taken under consideration at the audit division at the Miller Yates Howarth (MYH). The different types of recommendations for the study have also been thought about for the use of the model (Abernathy et al., 2015). The particular study needs to have the application of the AAA ethical decision model shows the ethical issues which are connected to the related case study. The next part of the report has used the relevant case laws as also prepared certain recommendations for MYH managing partners. Determination of Factual Matters: The case provided related to the MYH accounting firm, operates primarily in Queensland and NSW. The organ Fertilisers Pty, is considered to be one of the most primitive clients of the organisation which has its operations located across the places namely Toowoomba as well as Tamworth. The contractor for waste management to the Dumparound Ltd. had been recently changed by Morgan Fertilizers, It was one of the senior audits, Jacqui who had wisdom regarding the community activities and also knew for certain that the local council was carrying out investigation in the Dumparound Limited for the level of toxic waste at one of the particular sites. Ethical issue identification: The thought processes regarding the ethical issues have been majorly found to be deployed on the Morgan Fertilizers Party which changed its waste management contractor to the Dumparound Limited. The existing contract between the Morgan Fertilizer and Dumparound does not include any sort of specification for any sort of damages. The major form of the ethical considerations was raised by Jacqui Leak, who had the relevant knowledge of the fact that Dumparound was being searched by the local council to determine the level of toxic waste at a particular site. Dumparound has not even signed the contract which is thought to be substantially held for 3 years and the implications are a cause of serious concern for Jacqui. Important principles, values and rules identification: Keeping aside the prevalent ethical issue, the major legal issue that is considered has been identified with the AASB 102 on the inventory valuations. The valuation cost requires to be recognised in terms of the asset and the same needs to be carried forward for the recognition of revenue (Onoja Abdullahi, 2015). The code relevant under APES 110 Code of Ethics for Professional Accountants is found to be applicable to Section 310 conflicts of interest. Regarding the application of this particular rule, the MYH members are required to support the ethical as well as legitimate objectives in terms of the application as well as the significant procedure in the particular organisation. The possible alternatives and their specification: The major specification of the possible alternate options has been found to depend on the evaluation of the appropriate recording of the adjustments in the inventories between the years end as well as the dates of the physical count. Additionally, there is the need of the auditor to analyse the inward and the outward stock movements with the date of cut off date as long as the cut off date is not established with the validity of the date based on the years closing date (Gaynor et al., 2015). Comparison of the values as also the alternatives: The value comparison is based on the APES 110 Code of Ethics for Professional Accountants application which is found to be applicable with the Section 310 conflicts of interest vs. AASB 102 on valuation of inventories. Depending on the APES application the responsibility of the member to a particular organisation requires to be based on the professional indebtedness to conform to the fundamental principles that are in conflict. It can further be seen that a business member needs to support the employer as also the methods and the rules where are significant as per the organisation. Depending on the thoughts put forward in the rulings of the AASB 102, the most important considerations are based on the measurability of the net reliable cost or value which needs to be carry forwarded along with the recognition of the revenue. The inventory cost requires to be further considered regarding the numerous evaluation that rely on the factors such as the cost of considering the various evaluations that rely on the cost involved in making the assets use ready (Gu, 2013). Identification of the alternative access of the consequences: In situations where the inventory value is highly valued, the net income requires to be overstated regarding the gross profit of the company. The overvaluation of the earnings retained requires to be understood as per the retained earnings. The equity value, total asset value as well as the current assets of the company may be overvalued along with those earnings which have been retained (Feng et al., 2014). Recommended decision: The most important recommendation that has been seen with the Oasis Ltd. Puts to the fore, the negligence charged in terms of the MYH audit. This however needs to be the primary decision of the count to deal with the situation on its way where MYH may or may not be held on cause of negligence (Gray Ehoff Jr, 2014). Report for the managing partners of the MYH: Depending on the considerations of the AASB 102, on the inventory valuation, the major issue has been considered with the mistake in the inventory valuations at the cost of the recognised assets as well as the carry forwarded values with the revenue recognition. There is the need for the inventory to be measured, depending on the realisable cost or the value, accordingly as the one which is lower (Reineking et al., 2013). The inventory costs need to considered, depending on the cost of conversion, the cost of purchase as well as the incurred cost in making the asset ready for a specific purpose. It requires to be noted that the cost of inventory may not be possible to be recovered in case the inventory portion is damaged or obsolete (Malaescu Sutton, 2014). The cost of inventory is not recovered as expected if the evaluated expenses regarding the sales policy have been expanded (Doxey et al., 2015). The major consideration for the inventory recording below the cost to the net realiz able amount is considered to be reliable by nature that should not be carried by the extra amount expected from the sales realisation. In cases where the inventory is overvalued, the net income as well as the gross profit requires to be overstated. The major impact will lead to the overvaluation of the retained earnings, total assets as well as the stockholders equity. The net income has also been valued overtly for the inventory overvaluation with fewer cost of goods sold, that need to be changed for the revenue. The improved profit amount of the net profit shows the stakeholders equity as also the retained earnings. Because of the overvaluation of inventory the period of accounting has been changed to the period at the beginning of the inventory towards the end of the period of accounting turning onto the starting of inventory accompanied by the suitable time frame. The time period of the cost of the goods needs to be considered with the CGOS, as this is bound to be too high and is considered to be able to bring the period of the next income and also consider the profit to be too low (Haribhai-Pitamber Dhurup, 20 14). According to the case of Morgan Fertilizers, it has been seen that a high amount of value was carried to the inventories in the balance sheet and successfully taken over by the Oasis Ltd. Despite this, after the elapse of two months, the companys inventory was overstated. Further, it has been seen that more than about 50% of the inventory was out of time and the inclusion of the valuation count according to the inventory should not have been done. The various type of inventories were thought to be based on the actual value. MYH should be valued in accordance with the stock valuation of the management (Onyekwelu Ugwuanyi, 2014). The physical conformation of the inventories is the management authorities responsibility as well as their duty to manage the units. The management is also responsible for building the strategy of the inventory checking yearly for establishing the financial statement formulation. Further, the auditor is required to do an entire review of the method to get suitable and genuine information for the audit conformation as well as for tallying the same with the physical inventory. There is a requirement for the auditor to be physically present for the investigation and inspection of the inventory. This is done in order to check the systems set around the management to record changes in the accountability of the procedures. The auditor can opt for the count of the inventory which is present as per the alternative measures as well as the inventory adjustments in the inventory with the count of the accurately recorded units (Carey, Potter Tanewski, 2014). The auditor is required to review the different types of the management information as well as the internal control in terms of the tagging, recounting stock sheets as also the identification of the obsolete as well as the non-mobile or the rejected items. The person also needs to consider the cut-off techniques for the WIP valuation along with inventory movement. According to the general rule, there is no liability of the auditor towards the clients or the third party. The third party consideration is shown as: Untrue financial statements The intentional or reckless ignorance by the financer of a certain untrue fact Committed errors in the final accounts preparation Negligence by the auditors Intentional preparation of the financial statement for the third party to take proper action According to the case Esanda Finance Corporation Ltd v Peat Marwick Hungerfords (1997), it has been seen that the corporation lends money to a particular organisation based on the audit report. After the default of payment however, a claim was made by Esanda to the auditors providing a loan based on the audit report that breached the mandatory standards of accounting. Conclusion: Oasis Ltd. brings forward the charged negligence in terms of the MYH audit. According to the provided case of the MYH, the verification of the stock was done correctly by the auditor; the valuation was also accepted by them. The management however did not consider the stock to be obsolete. Evidence reveals that the Oasis Ltd. was under significant client pressure for the audit completion within one month from the date of balance sheet. References Abernathy, J., Hackenbrack, K. E., Joe, J. R., Pevzner, M., Wu, Y. J. (2015). Comments of the Auditing Standards Committee of the Auditing Section of the American Accounting Association on PCAOB Staff Consultation Paper, Auditing Accounting Estimates and Fair Value Measurements: Participating Committee Members.Current Issues in Auditing,9(1), C1-C11. Carey, P., Potter, B., Tanewski, G. (2014). AASB Research Report No. Doxey, M. M., Geiger, M. A., Hackenbrack, K. E., Stein, S. E. (2015). Comments by the Auditing Standards Committee of the Auditing Section of the American Accounting Association on PCAOB Release No. 2015-004, Supplemental Request for Comment: Rules to Require Disclosure of Certain Audit Participants on a New PCAOB Form: Participating Committee Members.Current Issues in Auditing,10(1), C1-C10. Feng, M., Li, C., McVay, S. E., Skaife, H. (2014). Does ineffective internal control over financial reporting affect a firm's operations? Evidence from firms' inventory management.The Accounting Review,90(2), 529-557. Gaynor, G., Janvrin, D. J., Pittman, M., Pevzner, M., White, L. (2015). Comments of the Standards Committee of the Auditing Section of the American Accounting Association on IESBA Consultation Paper Improving the Structure of the Code of Ethics for Professional Accountants. Gray, D., Ehoff Jr, C. (2014). Lower Of Cost Or Market Inventory Valuation: IFRS Versus US GAAP.Journal of Business Economics Research (Online),12(1), 19. Gu, S. (2013). Research and analysis on issued inventory valuation methods of enterprises.Balance,50, 541-544. Haribhai-Pitamber, H. U., Dhurup, M. (2014). Inventory control and valuation systems among retail SMEs in a developing country: An exploratory study.Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences,5(8), 81. Malaescu, I., Sutton, S. G. (2014). The reliance of external auditors on internal audit's use of continuous audit.Journal of Information Systems,29(1), 95-114. Onoja, E. E., Abdullahi, Y. U. (2015). Inventory Valuation Practices and Reporting: Nigerian Textile Industry Experience.Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences,6(4), 74. Onyekwelu, U. L., Ugwuanyi, U. B. (2014). Effects of IFRS adoption on inventory valuation and financial reporting in Nigeria.European Journal of Business and Management,6(8), 29-34. Reineking, C., Chamberlain, D. H., Rudolph, H. R., Smith, M. (2013). An examination of inventory costing convergence under generally accepted accounting principles and international financial reporting standards.

Malcolm X Essays (1092 words) - African-American Muslims

Malcolm X Malcolm X was probably one of the most controversial elements in the civil rights movement. Malcolm X had become a member of the Nation of Islam in his earlier years. The Islamic faith borrows basic ideas from the orthodox teachings of Islam and combines them with the very racist views regarding whites taught by Elijah Mohammed. Malcolm was a very influential priest for the Nation of Islam. Malcolm X questioned some of the views and beliefs of the Nation of Islam, which made Mr. Mohammed and the rest of the Nation angry. This forced Malcolm to travel on a journey overseas to find out what his true beliefs were. When he reached Arabia, he found that it was a different society than that of which Elijah Mohammed had described it. Malcolm discovered that race played no role in determining a person's status in society. Viewing this made a positive change in Malcolm X's beliefs and views. This unity of human kind made Malcolm think and change his ideas about the solution to the racial problem in America. This was the most influential turning point in his life. Malcolm first adopted his views and beliefs of the Nation of Islam while he was serving time in prison. By the time he had gotten out of prison, he had undergone a transformation from a drug-dealing thief to a religious priest for his newfound faith, the Nation of Islam. Malcolm had taken on in full Mr. Mohammed's racist teachings. It was through these teachings that Malcolm X developed his radical views about race in America. Under the guidance and teachings of Elijah Mohammed, Malcolm had targeted all whites and blamed them for position of African Americans in society. He referred to the whites as devils, which tried making the standards of blacks even lower then they already were. Malcolm X believed that complete segregation was the only way to end racial problems in America. He also said that all actions committed against blacks in history were due to the white race as a whole. Another one of his claims was that all blacks should move to Africa, and establish some sort of society there. Sometime after Malcolm X had taken on his new religion, he began to question the validity of the Nation of Islam and some of its leaders. It was found out that Elijah Mohammed had been partaking in sexual misconduct and that he had several illegitimate children. When Malcolm confronted Elijah about these things, Elijah admitted to them. This made Malcolm question the beliefs of Elijah, which were basically the foundations of the Nation of Islam. During this time, many of the leaders of the Nation of Islam became jealous of Malcolm's success. All of these things contributed to Malcolm eventually leaving the Nation of Islam in 1964. Later in 1964, Malcolm X took off on a journey to Arabia to try and find the true religion of Islam. While in Arabia, he underwent his holy pilgrimage. This experience had a very positive impact on Malcolm X. While racial hatred in America had forced black people to the lowest levels of society, Malcolm had come into a society were the color of the skin played no factor in life. While in Arabia, a white leader let Malcolm stayed with him in his room, which would have been unheard of during the civil rights movements in the States. It was during this trip to Arabia that Malcolm made a big change in his way of life. He had finally learned to trust people. He found out that the color of one's skin doesn't reflect what kind of person you are, but it's ones actions that reflect the quality of a person. From his trip, Malcolm threw out all of his racist and segregational views about the American society, and he took on a more Orthodox Islamic approach of racial equality. Once he returned home from his trip, he began preaching about his newly formed philosophies. He created new ideas about race in America and about unity. His greatest change in beliefs were his thoughts about black and white relationships. His conversion to orthodox Islam changed his views upon white people. Around this time, Malcolm adopted a new name. He changed the Nation of Islam ?X? in his name to an orthodox name. Malcolm X was no more; his new name was Malik El-Shabazz. Malcolm changing his name was probably the one that that most symbolized his breaking away from the

Essay on Coevolutionary processes for strategic decisionsEssay Writing Service

Essay on Coevolutionary processes for strategic decisionsEssay Writing Service Essay on Coevolutionary processes for strategic decisions Essay on Coevolutionary processes for strategic decisionsStrategic decision-making in the long-term perspective is complicated because of the high level of ambiguity existing in the environment. Using traditional approaches and traditional tools of analysis might be efficient in short-term perspective and even in the middle-term perspective, but in the long-term perspective the responses of competitors, technological and structural changes of the environment and other major factors reduce the usefulness of existing business analysis tools.The purpose of this paper is to discuss coevolutionary gaming, to consider how this approach can be used to facilitate group decision making, how this approach might affect communication processes and how it can change the biases of group decision-making. It is also important to consider the cases in which coevolutionary gaming might hinder the processes of group decision-making.Coevolutionary gamingOne of approaches to analyzing games with multiple equilibria and infinite games in game theory is coevolutionary gaming. In this approach, the moves of the players are based both of previous actions of the player and its opponents, on the new moves undertaken by other players and on the new abilities acquired by other players. Therefore, the players evolve simultaneously while developing their strategies against each other.Coevolutionary gaming can be used not only in game theory. There are various applications of coevolutionary gaming to planning, resource allocation and decision-making. For example, military structures use the TEMPO military planning game in which several teams can invest into existing forces, acquire extra forces or modify them, invest into RD, develop intelligence and counter-intelligence (Johnson, 2005). The probability of war and war states are announced basing on the systems state. This game helps to achieve optimal allocation of resources in defensive and offensive technologies in the long-term period.Anot her example is the use of coevolutionary gaming for strategic analysis of competitive landscape. The Department of Defense uses coevolutionary gaming approach for analyzing the most viable alternatives in the long-term perspective in cases when strategy landscape is complex (Cares Miskel, 2007). Up to four teams perform strategic moves and responses modeling specific periods of time. The game might last up to 3 days, and the time horizons covered by strategic moves might exceed 20 or 30 years. The trajectory of co-evolution of teams is then analyzed and the dynamics of competition in the long-term period is considered.The impact of coevolutionary gaming on communication processesThere are many ways in which coevolutionary gaming can be used to enhance business decision-making. In particular, the use of coevolutionary gaming can help to determine the optimal approaches to communication and the extent of sharing information with the external world. For example, in one of the coevolut ionary games played by the Department of Defense, one team invested into a powerful RD technology, while the other team chose to invest into deception and concealment which discredited the emerging technology and made its profitability rather low (Cares Miskel, 2007). The considered case illustrates that competitors should choose a very balanced approach to sharing information, should avoid sharing too many details about the emerging technologies and should include various communication techniques as part of their business strategy. The cases of information leaks and deception should also be accounted for in a business strategy.For the purposes of strategic decision-making, it might be reasonable to consider the role of coevolutionary gaming in terms of Johari window. Johari window consists of four zones: open area (known both by the player and others), blind area (unknown by the player, but known by the others), hidden area (known by the player, unknown by the others) and unknown area (unknown by the player and other players) (Griffin Moorhead, 2009). The process of coevolutionary gaming allows to discover certain characteristics from the blind area and place them into the open area, and also helps to identify the characteristics in the hidden area which might be moved to open area and which should not be moved to open area. In the above-mentioned example with RD investments, the blind zone of the player which made RD investments was low sensitivity to external feedback and excess focus on research. These characteristics were uncovered in the coevolutionary gaming process.The impact of coevolutionary gaming on group decision biasesCoevolutionary gaming allows to eliminate some of the group decision biases. Using coevolutionary gaming, the players can explore the dynamics of competitive evolution and assess existing decision-making flaws. Furthermore, coevolutionary gaming helps to work out robust strategies which remain competitive in different evolutionary situations. Arriving to such strategies might require several coevolutionary games, but the resulting strategic approaches might be applicable in a larger variety of competitive situations.At the same time, coevolutionary gaming might also add new group decision-making biases. Since coevolutionary games are largely played between the representatives of one organization or company, the dynamics of these games is influenced by the corporate culture and values, and therefore might not reflect the patterns of true competitive dynamics. Furthermore, the universal strategies obtained in the process of coevolutionary gaming might be not optimal and not profit-maximizing in the majority of situations.ConclusionCoevolutionary gaming is an innovative approach which can be used for developing the frameworks of long-term business strategies. Coevolutionary gaming can be used to improve communication processes within the company as well as external communication processes. Furthermore, coevolut ionary gaming can help to expand to Johari window and to open some companys characteristics previously located in the blind zone. The use of coevolutionary gaming can help to reduce group decision-making biases. However, coevolutionary gaming can also impede decision-making due to the impact of corporate culture on evolutionary strategies and due to the use of similar strategy patterns in different situations. Therefore, it is necessary to have a critical approach the results of coevolutionary gaming.

Business environment Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Business environment - Coursework Example Such has been the effect of globalization that each and every products and services in the modern business environment are being designed keeping in mind the preferences and tastes of the global customers (Ekholm, Forslid and Markusen, 2007). The extent of globalization has surmounted to a degree where economic policies of each and every country are interdependent. This is precisely because of the fact that economic policies in one country have a corresponding impact on the country with which it shares significant trade relationships (Haskel, Pereira and Slaughter, 2007). It is with regards to the facts that have been mentioned above, the researcher believes the statement, â€Å"National boundaries have been surmounted by the phenomenon of ‘globalization’ and therefore, national governments are no longer able to promote independent economic policies† to be absolutely justified. In this study, the researcher will conduct an extensive qualitative research on literat ures that have been published surrounding the topic. By doing so, the researcher will be endeavouring to collect conclusive evidences justifying the credibility of the proposition stated above. Financial integration is considered to be a by-product of globalization by several researchers. The business activities that are conducted in the financial service sector have become heavily globalized. A noteworthy relevance can be found in the banking and insurance industries where each and every business activities have transcend every international boundary. For instance banks all over the world are heavily engaged in transactions which increase their exposure to various foreign exchanges (Naor, Linderman and Schroeder, 2010). Therefore, any unanticipated fluctuations in the foreign exchange rate could have adverse impact on a particular bank due to its exposure to that currency (Hopkins, 2011). That is why national governments have to be very careful while drafting monetary