Tuesday, May 26, 2020

Taking the QEP Essay Examples Test

Taking the QEP Essay Examples TestIn these troubled times, more people are using the Internet to gather information about schools and universities for their undergraduate degree programs. It is very important to ensure that a person's information regarding college admissions is accurate and up to date.There is an effective way to do this, and it is to simply ask for help from students. One of the best ways to do this is to create a forum to post questions on the QEP Essay samples website. Ask your friends, classmates, or anyone else you know who knows about college admissions to share their experiences with students who also wish to go to college. Once the community has answered the questions asked by everyone, a large number of QEP Essay samples can be found for each student that took the test.Students can now decide which questions to ask their classmates in order to get the best answers to their questionnaires, while those students have already taken the test and submitted their e ssays. The student that was answered well has shown good judgment, and it shows great responsibility to take the test and provide an answer for every question. This is another great benefit to taking the test in order to gain admission into a college.All students may use the FAQ section in order to post their questions and answers to the entire forum for the questionnaires that were given. The forum administrator has the authority to remove questions and answers that do not fit into the forum, and most forums do not allow new questions or answers to be posted to the forum. Only those that are asked by the forum user will be allowed to be posted to the forum. Since so many questions and answers are posted on a daily basis, most forums will allow a couple of questions to be asked at a time.A user has the responsibility to understand all of the rules set forth by the forum administrator in order to post to the forum. Not all questions are allowed, so a lot of students tend to try to st eal answers and post it for other students to take.This is the general rule, and it may not always be followed, but the forum can serve as a great place to share your opinion and answer questions. In fact, the entire idea of the forum is to be able to share ideas with others, so being able to speak freely about your opinions and experiences is a very positive experience.Whether or not a forum is worth its money and time, the student's idea of what is acceptable and unacceptable to post in the forum is going to vary from person to person. In some cases, it will be strictly enforced by the forum administration, and in other cases it will not. There is no point in going back and forth with someone over what is not allowed, but an online forum may be the best resource to look at when a student is looking for something to answer the questions that have been asked.

Tuesday, May 19, 2020

The Writings Of Christopher Columbus - 1053 Words

The nature in which we live is truly a beautiful thing. When the Europeans first made contact in North America, they were immediately in love with the views they encountered. They were interested in wanting to know more about the land, the animals that peeked around, and the people who called it home. Artists such as, John White had heard the tales of what Christopher Columbus had described during his time in North America, which led to them wanting to make their own discoveries. Everyone had their own opinions and views of the world but artists were able to capture the natural images and feeling they had through their paintings. Landscape paintings became of interest to artists as a way to depict nature, a man’s spiritual place in the world, and his relation to God. The paintings of nature became a way for artists to express themselves visually and spiritually, while also expanding what people could see, read, and feel. Landscape paintings helped to grow communities and expand western movement. There was an issue between tearing down and using the resources of nature to build communities and to increase material wealth. Thomas Cole, an American artists who trained in Europe in landscape painting for a few years felt that America’s nature was the most beautiful to be seen. Cole depicted Native Americans in a few of his paintings. The landscape painting of Niagara Falls was one of Cole’s most notable works of art. People found very little interests in his religiousShow MoreRelatedIroquois Creation Myths And Christopher Columbus : Creation And Creation Letters730 Words   |  3 Pagesand Christopher Columbus Letters The difference in writing styles between the Iroquois Creation Myth and Christopher Columbus’ letters is very significant. The Iroquois Creation Myth is much more mystical and entertaining while Columbus’ letters are more formal and simply recounting events. Though the two pieces of literature have their differences, there are still some similarities. The Iroquois Creation Myths focus on nature and animals. Likewise, when Christopher Columbus is writing his lettersRead MoreChristopher Columbus : The United States And Charles C. Mann s 14911449 Words   |  6 Pagestoday, Christopher Columbus is known by the majority of students as the man who so called â€Å"discovered† the Americas accidentally on his voyage to India. Students learn about the â€Å"Indians† that Columbus stumbled across and the cultivations that Columbus and his crew were able to accomplish on the new lands. Books tell of new resources, materials, and goods that made it all the way across the sea from Genoa, but students have not been introduced to the carryover of disease(s) that Columbus and hisRead MoreFinding the Secrets of the World: Chirstoper Columbus845 Words   |  3 PagesFrom when he was a little by, Christopher Columbus always yearned to know the secrets of the world. His parents were Domenico and Susanna, who both came from families of weavers and wool carders. Christopher also had two brothers and one sister. Their names were Giacomo, Bartholomew, and Bianchinetta. Their whole family were devoted Catholics. Christopher’s family worshipped frequently at church, even though they were a hard-working family. The kids did not have proper education. They went to aRead MoreThomas King: Not Just a Reaction to Colonialism1459 Words   |  6 PagesA Coyote Columbus Story shows the Native point of view of the beginning of colonialism. When introducing Christopher Columbus into the short story, Coyote says [t]hat is the one who found Indians (King Coyote 123). In many of Kings stories, he writes narration without quotations, but this particular short story doesnt contain a single quotation. The style in which it is written is not similar to many other post-colonial texts. Rather than depicting historical facts directly and accuratelyRead More State and Church Essay examples1279 Words   |  6 Pages Christopher Columbus and Cabeza de Vaca were two known adventurers, one being an explorer and the other as a treasurer. Both men had great reputation s, which led to positions of high status. Cabeza de Vaca became the treasurer on an expedition to explore the Gulf coast as a young nobleman and Christopher Columbus went on many expeditions to explore lands of treasure and jewels of all sorts. Both men explored in a time in which the lands were controlled by church and state and because of this, pressureRead MoreThe Journal of Christopher Columbus Essay801 Words   |  4 PagesThe Journal of Christopher Columbus is the day to day journal/diary writing of Christopher Columbus. He started taking notes of his journey starting the year of 1492. This took place mostly on his voyage over the Atlantic Ocean on his way to the Indies, and also on the lands he discovers on the way to his destination. He wrote every day of his journeys as a journal to the king and queen of his discoveries. The period it came from was a very long time in the past during the year 1492. Back when theRead MoreChristopher Columbus And The Columbus898 Words   |  4 Pages Christopher Columbus â€Å"In fourteen hundred ninety-two / Columbus sailed the ocean blue.† In grade school, I was taught this rhyme to learn about Christopher Columbus. Most of what I learned about Christopher Columbus then, was that he thought the world was round (and others didn’t); and that he wanted to sail to India, but messed up, and landed in America, calling the natives â€Å"Indians.† As I grew older, I learned a little bit more about Columbus’s trips to the Americas. I was told that ChristopherRead MoreChristopher Columbus And Bartolome De La Casas998 Words   |  4 PagesChristopher Columbus and Bartolome de la Casas Christopher Columbus and Bartolome de la Casas are similar in most ways but have a major difference. They were both explorers of the New World and came to convert the natives into Catholics. The two explorers worked on the Spanish’s behalf. Columbus wrote accounts of the New World in his journal. La Casas wrote the Brief Account of the Devastation of the Indies. Both gave accounts of the native people they saw. Columbus’s journal entries aim to giveRead More`` Bars Fight `` By Lucy Terry923 Words   |  4 Pagesbeen created by the works of people belonging to the â€Å"civilized world† of early America. Lucy Terry’s poem â€Å"Bars Fight† retells the story of when a group of Indians attacked two families that she knew. Terry’s work can be compared to those of Christopher Columbus and Thomas Jefferson in their portrayal and perception of Indians. Lucy Terry was an enslaved African American during the colonial period in America. While she was enslaved, there was an Indian attack on two white families that Terry was closeRead MoreChristopher Columbus and the Subjugation of the Natives639 Words   |  3 PagesChristopher Columbus and the Subjugation of the Natives Among the more notorious dimensions of the age of exploration and colonization is the impact which this massive wave of maritime transmigration would have on the indigenous populations of those locations where European settlers made landfall. And perhaps no historical figure is as emblematic of this impact than Christopher Columbus, who in his ambition to bring gold, spices and cotton home from the lands he believed to be the West Indies, would

Saturday, May 16, 2020

Left Brain vs Right Brain - 950 Words

The mind is a very curious organ. Without we as humans would not be able to function in the world. The brain has a lot to do with our learning. In terms of how we learn and what hemisphere we use the most. The concept of the right and left brain think developed from research in the late 1960s by an American psychologist Roger W Sperry. The correct term for the halves would be hemispheres. Mr. Sperry had discovered that the human brain has two different ways of thinking. The right hemisphere being more visual and the left hemisphere being more verbal. The left hemisphere is known as the digital brain. The left side controls reading and writing, calculation and logical thinking. The right side is known as the analog brain this side†¦show more content†¦Scientist felt it took two hemispheres to be logical or to be creative. We all know learning takes place in the brain. Left brained learners are logical, sequential, linear, analytical,reality based, objective, verbal and symbo lic. The right brained learners seem to be more intuitive, random, global, fantasy based, subjective, non-verbal, visual and concrete. In conclusion, when you think of your brain you automatically think of how in-depth it must be. It holds your memories, its your phone book, your notepad. I mean honestly you couldnt do anything without it. When it comes to how people learn your hemispheres play a big part. I know people who could see a problem once and know how to solve it, however I would have to sit down and really study for weeks just to understand that same problem. While learning about the different ways your brain works and the different affects each hemisphere has on your learning I’m sure this could help people with their different learning styles. People who paint and create video games would use their right hemisphere more often, but a person with great public speaking skills would use their left hemisphere. If a person can train their brain to use both side they wo uld surely be ahead of the game. I wonder if acclaimed geniuses use both hemispheres. They even have programs online to help you strengthen your brain and help you to use both parts. Learning children early on to useShow MoreRelatedleft brain vs right brain1430 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿ Left Brain vs. Right Brain: Implications of Learning Foundations of Online Learning Abstract A left-brain dominant person’s attributes are different than that of a right-brained person. This difference causes these two groups to have different learning styles. A left-brain dominant tends to be better at spelling and math. This is because this person can see all of the pieces. A right- brain dominant person tends be better at writing, biology, and otherRead MoreLeft Brain vs. Right Brain838 Words   |  4 PagesLeft Brain vs. Right Brain â€Å"According to the theory of left-brain or right-brain dominance, each side of the brain controls different types of thinking.† (Cherry 2012) From books to television programs, youve probably heard the phrase mentioned that people are either right brained or left brained thinkers or perhaps you have gone online to take a test to see which one you are. Psychologist have been researching the brain to try and understand learning capability’s that can help with such thingsRead More Left Brain vs Right Brain Essay1512 Words   |  7 PagesThe Left Brain vs The Right Brain: How Does This Impact Learning Do you ever hear some people say that, ‘I learn this way, because I’m left or right brain dominant,’ but what is your learning style? Some people go majority of their life, not knowing which learning style works for them. It is good to know what this learning style is so people can respond most effectively to the material being presented. Templeton (2003). The better people know their own learning style, the faster they can developRead MoreEssay on Left Brain vs. the Right Brain916 Words   |  4 PagesThe brain has its own functions and is divided into two hemispheres: the left hemisphere and the right hemisphere. Also, has its own way of processing information and each lobe has its specific roles. What happens when damage to the brain occurs? How does it rewire itself to process information or learn new activities?. Damage to each hemisphere of the brain has different effects on the way individuals learn since each hemisphere is in charge of different fun ctions. Furthermore, the brain processesRead MoreThe Left Brain vs. the Right Brain and Its Effect on Learning672 Words   |  3 PagesLeft Brain vs. the Right Brain and it’s Effects on Learning The left side of the brain and the right side of the brain are said to have specific functions relative for each side (Melina, 2011). The left side of the brain is said to be responsible for interpreting language, sound, and speech (Melina, 2011). According to Cherry (2014), the right side of the brain is said to control face recognition, creativity, and emotions conveyed when reading among others. Each student processes and absorbs informationRead MoreLeft Brain vs Right Brain Research Paper947 Words   |  4 PagesLeft brain VS Right brain Matthew Stafford Davenport University 10/25/2012 Right Brain Your brain processes and reacts to certain situations in many different ways. This is directly due to either being left brain or right brain. What is left brain or right brain you ask? People use either side to approach solutions to a variety of problems with different outcomes. People who are left brain tend to approach each problem with an analytical point of view. Right brain thinkers tend toRead MoreLearning: Left-Brain vs. Right Brain Essay1027 Words   |  5 Pagesthis mystery. The brain is divided into two sections. They are known as the left hemisphere and the right hemisphere. Individually they have different functionalities but collectively they make up the person as a whole and can give some explanation as to why a person process and learn the way they do. Hopefully, by the end of this read you will better understand this phenomenon and make it work for you. One of the major forces behind research into the mysteries of the human brain is Mr. Roger SperryRead MoreEssay on Left vs. Right Brain1085 Words   |  5 PagesLeft vs. Right Brain The idea that the left and right sides of the brain can control many different aspects of behavior in different categories is an interesting one. Four websites which consider this concept are Neuro Pearls, the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association website, Left vs. Right Brain Modes, and SPLITTING THE HUMAN BRAIN. In Left Vs. Right Brain Modes, a direct comparison is presented in several categories. The left hemisphere is described as verbal, analytical, logicalRead MoreLeft Brain vs Right Brain: How Does It Impact Learning1345 Words   |  6 Pages|The left and right hemispheres of our brain process information in different ways. We tend to process information using our dominant side. However, the learning and thinking process is | |enhanced when both side of the brain participate in a balanced manner. This means strengthening our less dominate hemisphere of the brain. In trying to differentiate between the left and | |right brain, My paper will show information processing styles that are characteristically used by our right or left-brainRead MoreLeft Brain vs Right Brain; How It Affects Learning Essay1147 Words   |  5 PagesThe Left Brain vs. The Right Brain: How This Impacts Learning Troy J. Miller COLL100 I059 Sum 12 American Public University System Megan Doyle The Left Brain vs. The Right Brain: How This Impacts Learning Over years there has been extensive research done by different psychologists suggesting that our brain works in two different ways. Some of these researchers also believe that the left and right sides of our brain work hand in hand with each other, and that one cannot function

Wednesday, May 6, 2020

Organizational Theory and Behavior - 6990 Words

Organizational Theory and Behavior  © 1993, David S. Walonick, Ph.D. Classical Organization Theory Classical organization theory evolved during the first half of this century. It represents the merger of scientific management, bureaucratic theory, and administrative theory. Frederick Taylor (1917) developed scientific management theory (often called Taylorism) at the beginning of this century. His theory had four basic principles: 1) find the one best way to perform each task, 2) carefully match each worker to each task, 3) closely supervise workers, and use reward and punishment as motivators, and 4) the task of management is planning and control. Organizational Behavior Trends Abstract This group and team paper†¦show more content†¦These characteristics may serve as the basis of stereotypes that obscure individual differences; prevent people from getting to know others as individuals; and acutely assessing their performance potential (Hunt, J., Osborn, R., Schermerhorn, J., 2005). On the other hand, the impact of demographic characteristics can promote team members to interact, which can contribute to high performance. Some teams who are subjected to demographic characteristics can learn to respect each member s perspectives, and share the common organizational task. The positive impact of cultural diversity on group behavior can contribute creativity to a high-performance team. Membership diversity offers a rich pool of information, talent, and varied perspectives that can help improve team problem solving and increase creativity (Hunt, J., Osborn, R., Schermerhorn, J., 2005). Cultural diversity contributes various group input and group dynamics to the team. These two factors are essential in the high performance of a team. Cultural diversity can develop a high-performance team by allowing the diverse potentials of a team to operate. The negative impact of cultural diversity on group behavior can develop numerous of conflicts between team members. Conflicting interaction can limit or decrease the effectiveness and efficiency of productivity. There should be an awareness of the diverse culture values in order to prevent these conflicts. There are five stages ofShow MoreRelatedThe Theory Of Organizational Behavior1861 Words   |  8 PagesIn organizational behavior, there are many topics researched. Motivation happens to be the most researched (Robbins Judge, 2014, p. 96). According to Robbins and Judge (2014), motivation includes the processes accounting for a person’s intensity, persistence of effort, and direction toward completing a goal (p. 97). The three concepts capturing the essence of motivation include hope, action, and vision. Pinder’s (2008) findings explained the following: Hope is one of many energizing internalRead MoreTheories of Organizational Behavior10512 Words   |  43 PagesRevisiting the Classical theories Introduction Organization indexes considerably more than the structures that lifts us out of ‘bare life’. Organization is also intimately, and utterly, connected to thought. While many, and by no means just those in the West, think of themselves as ‘free’ from enslavement by others, and even free from the organization of the state, who can argue that they are also free from the pervasive effects of language, culture and science? These are matters into whichRead MoreOrganizational Behavior Theory : Trait Theory1373 Words   |  6 Pages Organizational Behavior Theory: Trait Theory Michael Sinnett MGT500 – Organizational Behavior Colorado State University – Global Campus Dr. Larry Key September 24, 2017â€Æ' Organizational Behavior Theory: Trait Theory There are so many aspects that make up human behavior. For example, a person s environment and their genetics are a couple of aspects that make up an individual s behavior. Therefore, it would make sense that when you have a group of individuals together there would be just asRead MoreApplying Organizational Behavior Theory? Essay1280 Words   |  6 PagesApplying Organizational Behavior Theory Ahmed Salman Argosy University September, 23, 2015 Applying Organizational Behavior Theory Introduction Organizational behavior entails the study of individual and also group performance and their interactions and ability to work in groups. It aims at identifying major problems that affects performance within the teams to work together, in a bid to develop a more efficient business operation (Hiriyappa, 2009). It relies heavily on organizational culturesRead MoreOrganizational Theory and Behavior Essay626 Words   |  3 PagesOrganizational Theory and Behavior Homework #3 October 9, 2007 What advancement barriers did Lisa encounter? Although Lisa Weber was a highly qualified, ambitious analyst for the firm, she never had a chance for advancement because of that glass ceiling. The idea of becoming a partner was always visible, but never attainable because of the various obstacles she had to face. The same obstacles most women face when trying to climb the corporate ladder. Several barriers stood in Lisa’s pathRead MoreOrganizational Behavior Theory Essay3878 Words   |  16 PagesMGT 332 Organizational Behavior Theory Worksheet – Chapter 5 Name_____________________________________________ Banner# ____________________________ Date: ______________   Ã¢â‚¬ ¨ Directions: Circle the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1.  _____ represent(s) complex, patterned, organismic reactions to how we think we are doing in our lifelong efforts to survive and flourish and to achieve what we wish for ourselves.   A.  Self-efficacy B.  Skills C.  IntelligenceRead MoreQuestions On Organizational Theory And Behavior1459 Words   |  6 Pages COURSE: ORGANISATIONAL THEORY AND BEHAVIOR COURSE CODE: MGT 4020 INSTRUCTOR: DR. SIKALEI DAMARY GROUP ONE INTERNET EXERCISE: ORGANISATIONAL CONTEXT: DESIGN AND CULTURE MEMBERS ID NO GITATA IAN MWANGI 639068 MBEERA KEITH 641323 NDERITU SUSAN NJERI Read MoreOrganizational Behavior- Motivation Theories1023 Words   |  5 Pagesformal groups, the behaviors that one should engage in are stipulated by and directed toward organizational goals. Informal groups are alliances that are neither formally structured nor organizationally determined. These groups are natural formations in the work environment that appear in response to the need for social contact. (Pages 123-124) 135. Differentiate the terms role identity, role perception, and role expectation. There are certain attitudes and actual behaviors consistent with aRead MoreThe Theory, Organizational Behaviors, And The Interconnectedness Of Employees1221 Words   |  5 Pagesculture and behaviors from an occurred situation. This includes the organization realizing a repeated pattern of behaviors that is not growing or helping the organization in the right direction. When organizations admit to certain truths or facts and acknowledge flawed behaviors, then change can start. Organizations attempt to change by restructuring and reorganizing the company. Organizations learn only through individuals who learn. Individual learning does not guarantee organizational learning butRead MoreManagement, Organizational Behavior, And The Systems Theory963 Words   |  4 Pagesbut contemporary approaches to management aim to do just that. The sociotechnical theory, quantitative management, organizational behavior, a nd the systems theory all work in different ways to maintain a sort of balance within the businesses internal, competitive and macroenviroments. Keeping all areas of the open system balanced is essential for any manager to have a successful business. The sociotechnical theory was developed in the early 1950’s and was designed to refine the social environment

Career Is A Good Job - 1425 Words

Career Essay A good job is something everyone needs to have. It doesn’t have to be a doctor or dentist or any other traditional well-paying job. Your job should be something that you enjoy and look forward to doing. To get a decent paying job you should go to college for at least 4 years. Although there are a couple lucky people who do or did fine without going to college. For the most part, nowadays people have to go to college to live well. If you are someone who wants to have kids or a family you will need a decent job to even provide the basic needs of your family. I plan to attend college for four years so that I can manage and own my own business. Real Estate schooling doesn t take that long to complete. Real Estate isn’t the career for people who would like to work at a desk job from nine to five but it interests me. I don’t just want to be a real estate agent; I also want to be an owner of a real estate office. To do this I want to go to college and get a business degree on top of a real estate license. A bachelor s degree takes 4 years to achieve. I plan on getting a bachelor’s degree in business because there are plenty of jobs I can get if I don’t really like real estate. Like I also said I want one so I can successfully run an office. You could say that a business degree is also a fail-safe. A business degree is also a good thing to go to college for because it opens up a lot of doors down the line. After or maybe even during my time in college I can alsoShow MoreRelatedThe Advantage Of The Respiratory Therapist And Radiologist Career1492 Words   |  6 Pages The Advantage of the Respiratory therapist and Radiologist Career Imagine not being able to breathe, how terrifying that can be, and now imagine that you go to do an x-ray, and the radiologist finds that you have 8 more ribs than you should have. How strange that could be. Choosing to be a respiratory therapy and radiology could be both interesting careers. Both careers offer students great opportunities. To become a respiratory therapy or radiology, students shouldRead MoreCareer Resume : Coaching And Mentoring911 Words   |  4 Pagesthe meaning of a career coach, and not everyone is good at finding a suitable career coach. In order not to waste our time and money, we should understand some basic rules and information about career coaching. It is a tough job market out there for both job seekers who have much experience and who just start to look for a job. People buy self-help books, Google career advice, and read articles for their career development. However, when they are trapped in a phase of their careers, they need to turnRead MoreCareer Research : Career Exploration Research1678 Words   |  7 Pages Career Exploration Research: Have I Found My Future Career or Am I Just More Confused? Brice Zastrow University of Wisconsin – Oshkosh Abstract Through my research I have found multiple jobs that interest me, but there are two that stick out the most: Psychosocial Rehabilitation Specialist and Psychiatric Technician. Before researching, I had no idea about these jobs, but now I know good deal about them. After researching, I found out in what settings people in these positions work, howRead MoreDigital Artists And Animation And Visual Effects For Television, Movies, Video Games, And Other Forms Of1443 Words   |  6 Pagesmedia†(BLS). When looking at the different careers one could pursue, one should weigh the options before, or near the beginning one’s education, so one doesn t have to redo the entire thing. There are many types of animators, some work in 2D, which is mostly drawing; other animators work in 3D, which is using a computer. Animation is a good career choice if one has an understanding and love for art and working with computers. For applicants looking to pursue a career in animation, one should consider theRead MoreGraduation Speech : The Rate Of Unemployment Essay1378 Words   |  6 Pagesfind a job. In order to guarantee a good job, students should get a degree from University. Nowadays, most professions required a degree in order to meet the minimum requirement for getting an interview. People are required to have the knowledge in the jobs first before they enter the real working environment. Thus, people are encouraged to get educate in university before start working. This is because university education provides us with useful skills and living experience for having a good job inRead MoreThe Career Of Army Combat Operations1566 Words   |  7 PagesAs a child, I always wanted to protect my country and be a part of a positive cause. The career of a ARMY Combat Operations Enlisted is an challenging and remarkable career, because of the duty you do for your country and all the training needed. The res earch will describe the career of ARMY Combat Operations Enlisted soldier, what is required to become successful in this career, and the impact this career has on society. The infantry is the oldest and one of the most important of the U.S. ArmyRead MoreThe Importance Of A General Contractor Manager1683 Words   |  7 Pages Research Paper Finding an interest in any kind of job or what career you want to have when you grow up is difficult for many people. As for me my interest is becoming a General Contractor for construction, it interest me because I like doing projects that I can build and design and pretty much plan it out all by myself . As a General Contractor Manager I’ll be able to plan the construction project, coordinate, budget, and supervise construction projects from development to completion and manageRead MoreOverview of the Career of an Engineer Essay1306 Words   |  6 Pages Someday in life everyone has to get a job either related to their career or to make their living. Most of the people who get job is related to one’s career. One of the booming career these days in engineering, and among them aerospace engineering is one of the highly paid career and really interesting to work in. In the career of aerospace engineering, engineers usually have to work really hard. In this field, one mostly work on building or designing aircrafts based on the requirement. To be a successfulRead MoreHow International Business Is The Exchange Of Goods And Services Among Individuals And Businesses845 Words   |  4 Pages International Business is the exchange of goods and services among individuals and businesses in multiple countries. International Business is also known as Global Business or International Marketing. People in this field have to understand the dynamics of different financial systems, their legal framework, also cultural and language differences. Consultants, as they are often called, have to deal with cultural sensitivities as well. An average day may include; research, dealing with public and/orRead MoreThe Career Of Aerospace Engineer1414 Words   |  6 PagesSomeday in life everyone has to get a job either related to their career or to make their living. Most of the people who get job is related to one’s career. One of the booming career these days in engineering, and among them aerospace engineering is one of the highly paid career and really interesting to work in. In the career of aerospace engineering, engineers usually have to work really hard. In this field, one mostly work on building or designing aircrafts based on the requirement. To be a successful

Barack Obama Essay Sample free essay sample

Barack Hussein Obama II. born August 4. 1961. a alumnus of Columbia University and Harvard Law School. is the 44th and current president of the United States. For your information. he is besides the first African American to keep the office. He was a community organiser in Chicago before gaining his jurisprudence grade. He besides worked as civil-rights attorney and instructor before prosecuting a political calling. He was subsequently elected to the Illinois State Senate in 1996. functioning from 1997 to 2004. He was elected to the U. S. presidential term in 2008. President Obama continues to ordain policy alterations in response to the issues of wellness attention and economic crisis. Early LifeObama was born on August 4. 1961. at Kapi?olani Maternity A ; Gynecological Hospital ( now Kapi?olani Medical Center for Women and Children ) in Honolulu. Hawaii. and is the firstPresident to hold been born in Hawaii. His female parent. Ann Dunham. was born in Wichita. Kansas. and was of largely English lineage. We will write a custom essay sample on Barack Obama Essay Sample or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page His male parent. Barack Obama. Sr. . was a Luo from Nyang’oma Kogelo. Kenya. Obama’s parents met in 1960 in a Russian category at the University of Hawai?i at Manoa. where his male parent was a foreign pupil on scholarship. The twosome was married on February 2. 1961 and Barack was born six months subsequently. Obama did non hold a relationship with his male parent as a kid. When his boy was still an baby. Obama Sr. relocated to Massachusetts to go to Harvard University. prosecuting a Ph. D. Barack’s parents officially separated several months subsequently and finally divorced in March 1964. when their boy was 2. In 1965. Obama Sr. returned to Kenya. In 1965. Dunham married Lolo Soetoro. an East–West Center pupil from Indonesia. A twelvemonth subsequently. the household moved to Jakarta. Indonesia. where Barack’s half sister. Maya Soetoro Ng. was born. Several incidents in Indonesia left Dunham afraid for her son’s safety and instruction so. at the age of 10. Barack was sent back to Hawaii to populate with his maternal grandparents. Exceling in School While populating with his grandparents. Obama enrolled in the honored Punahou Academy. stand outing in hoops and graduating with academic awards in 1979. As one of merely three black pupils at the school. Obama became witting of racism and what it meant to be Afro-american. He subsequently described how he struggled to accommodate societal perceptual experiences of his multiracial heritage with his ain sense of ego: â€Å"I began to detect at that place was cipher like me in the Sears. Roebuck Christmas catalog †¦ and that Santa was a white adult male. † he said. â€Å"I went to the bathroom and stood in forepart of the mirror with all my senses and limbs apparently integral. looking the manner I had ever looked. and wondered if something was incorrect with me. † Obama besides struggled with the absence of his male parent. who he saw merely one time more after his parents divorced. when Obama Sr. visited Hawaii for a short clip in 1971. â€Å" [ My male parent ] had left Eden. and nil that my female parent or grandparents told me could rid of that individual. impregnable fact. † he subsequently reflected. â€Å"They couldn’t describe what it might hold been like had he stayed. † After high school. Obama studied at Occidental College in Los Angeles for two old ages. He so transferred to Columbia University in New York. graduating in 1983 with a grade in political scientific discipline. After working in the concern sector for two old ages. Obama moved to Chicago in 1985. There. he worked on the South Side as a community organiser for low-income occupants in the Roseland and the Altgeld Gardens communities Obama honed leading accomplishments as a community militant Barack Obama’s meteorologic rise from the streets of Chicago to the U. S. Senate to winning the presidential nomination of the Democratic Party showcases the alone experiences and accomplishments he has gained in his old ages as an organiser. legislator and community militant. After graduating from Columbia University. Obama worked for a Harlem environmental and consumer protagonism organisation in New York City. In 1985 he was hired in Chicago as a community organiser for $ 10. 000 and a used auto. As a staff member for the Developing Communities Project. Obama worked with churches on the city’s industrial South Side to form workers who had lost their occupations due to the steel factory and mill shuttings. After three old ages in some of the toughest vicinities of Chicago. Obama decided to go to Harvard Law School. assuring to return to these same streets. After being elected the first Afro-american president of the Harvard Law Review. Obama could hold turned his acad emic success into a six-figure occupation with a esteemed jurisprudence house. Alternatively he chose to maintain his promise. He returned to Chicago in 1991 where he joined a little civil rights house and ran a elector enrollment thrust that put 150. 000 new electors on the axial rotations. assisting Bill Clinton carry Illinois in 1992. In 1996 he was elected province senator from his Chicago territory. In the Illinois Legislature. Obama worked with Democrats and Republicans to assist working households get in front by making a province Earned Income Tax Credit. He besides pushed through enlargement of an early childhood instruction plan. He besides played an of import function in outlining bipartizan moralss reform statute law that has made Illinois one of the best provinces in the state for run finance revelation. In 2004 Obama was elected U. S. senator from Illinois. where he has continued to show exceeding leading in facing tough issues. As a member of the Senate Committee on Veterans’ Affairs. he has strongly supported Virginia Democratic Sen. Jim Webb’s new G. I. Bill that would supply instruction benefits for all veterans of the Iraq and Afghanistan wars. Showing his ability to make across the aisle. Obama traveled to Russia with Republican Sen. Dick Lugar of Indiana to get down a new coevals of non-proliferation attempts to happen and maintain deathly arms out of the custodies of terrorists around the universe. In his first twelvemonth as senator. Obama scored a 93 per centum evaluation on cardinal legislative issues identified by the UAW. Over his four old ages as senator. he has stood with working households by voting for a rise in the minimal pay. for the Employee Free Choice Act with card-check acknowledgment in brotherhood forming thrusts. and for the right of Medicare to negociate with drug companies to cut costs for seniors. He has besides stood with us to oppose Republican attempts to privatise Social Security. base on balls another â€Å"free† trade pact for Central America ( CAFTA ) and cut Medicaid coverage for the hapless. President Barack Obama and Transformative Leadership Over the past two old ages. we have seen what some have called a transformative presentation of leading. This procedure culminated on January 20th with the startup of Barack Obama as the 44th President of the United States. Whether or non you agree with his political relations ( and Prime Business Alert! is unquestionably nonpartizan ) . you have to esteem his journey and appreciate his leading capablenesss. You can besides larn a great trade about effectual leading and sustained. high-ranking public presentation by analyzing his unlikely and meteorologic rise. From low beginnings. holding to predominate over the double â€Å"handicaps† of race and fatherlessness. and overcome two of the most formidable political forces in history ( the Clintons and the Republican Party ) . President Obama showed us that a individual with imaginativeness. finding. and religion could overcome incalculable odds and rise to the highest and most powerful office in the universe. During his full campaigning. he exhibited the leading qualities that led to this landmark accomplishment: * President Obama saw chance where others saw obstructions ; * Saw solutions where others saw jobs ; * Hade assurance when others had uncertainty ;* Had resolve when others wavered ;* Was disciplined when others were slack ;* Stayed composure when others panicked ;* Had hope when others lost religion ;* And. finally. he saw possibility where others saw none President Obama established several indispensable elements in his run. First. he affirmed his leading by doing clear who was in charge. what messages would be communicated. and his committedness to those messages. At the same clip. he was unfastened to thoughts and willing to accommodate when presented with a compelling ground to make so. Second. he set the psychological science of his run. guaranting that it was positive. proactive. and focused. Third. he actively created a civilization of unity. openness. and finding that permeated throughout his run organisation. These specific messages and the manner in which he conveyed them are powerful lessons for you in your leading function at your company. President Obama besides convinced 1000000s of single Americans that they excessively could change their ain personal histories and hereafters. We saw the force of this message in interviews with African-Americans who lived through segregation and the civil-rights motion and in the voices of hope and possibility from immature African-Americans who saw what was one time impossible was now a world and that if he could travel mountains. so could they. And this message reverberated across racial age. gender. and cultural lines. President Obama showed us that. in a universe where the position quo had apparently immoveable inactiveness. alteration could go on. And in a universe that frequently times seems to be whirling out of control. he gave many the bravery to encompass the â€Å"audacity of hope. † This message of possibility and personal authorization from President Obama moved people and caused an unstoppable groundswell of support that propelled him to the Presidency. This same message can authorise your employees to accomplish their ain and your company’s ends and take their public presentation. productiveness. and profitableness to a new degree. President Obama besides showed us that disconnected persons with a common vision could blend into a formidable force. His life and his words inspired 1000000s of antecedently uninvolved Americans to come in the political sphere and stand up for what they believed. But. despite what many people think. inspiration is non his greatest gift. President Obama’s existent strengths are non merely to animate. but besides to inform and transform. He gave people the information and tools they needed to concentrate and direct their inspiration. And so he transformed that inspiration and information into action. By working both low-tech ( boots on the land ) and hi-tech ( the Internet ) means. he created what was surely the most powerful political run in history. As a leader. you can unify your corporate squad in the same manner. First. make a shared vision of what your squad wants to carry through. Making this a collaborative attempt additions â€Å"buy in† and ownership. Second. give your squad the cognition they need to make their occupations separately and jointly to the best of their ability. Third. supply them with the resources to turn their inspiration and information into action. President Obama now faces the most intimidating trial of his leading accomplishments as he attempts to hammer a sense of integrity. where others have tried and failed. in a political civilization that has many political. economic. and cultural cabals. Can he animate. inform. and transform those who have cardinal dissensions with him? To make so. he will hold to marshal all of his singular leading accomplishments. In this clip of crisis. his oratory gifts can animate all Americans to put aside little concerns and work together to get the better of the current challenges at place and abroad. This ability involves bordering dissentious issues in footings that transcend specific political orientations and concentrate on larger cosmopolitan subjects. He began this procedure in his inaugural address when he declared. â€Å"We gather because we have chosen hope over fright. integrity of intent over struggle and strife. † The same sort of divergency of positions can disable a company every bit good. The ability to animate your employees. beat up them around a shared cause. demonstrate regard for all positions. and happen common land is an indispensable accomplishment for supplying leading to a successful company. President Obama’s confident. composure. and commanding presence in these hard times can animate trust that he has America’s best involvements at bosom despite policy differences. His celebrated regard for diverse point of views and willingness to listen to others can besides promote â€Å"buy in† from those less inclined to make so. And his thoughtful and far-reaching responses to issues that impact all Americans can convert even those who might be immune to. at a lower limit. give him a opportunity to turn out himself right. Similarly. a manner of corporate leading that is important. yet empathetic and trusty. can cut down the fires of struggle and promote those with different thoughts to be unfastened to others’ point of views and be willing to happen via media for the good of the person and the company. In the concern universe. there are profound lessons to be learned from analyzing President Obama’s leading capablenesss. By using his accomplishments and schemes to your work. you can make your ain transformative leading experience that can assist you and your company to accomplish its ends. Cultural and political imageObama’s household history. upbringing. and Ivy League instruction differ markedly from those of African American politicians who launched their callings in the sixtiess through engagement in the civil rights motion. Expressing bewilderment over inquiries about whether he is â€Å"black enough† . Obama told an August 2007 meeting of the National Association of Black Journalists that â€Å"we’re still locked in this impression that if you appeal to white folks so there must be something wrong† . Obama acknowledged his vernal image in an October 2007 run address. stating: â€Å"I wouldn’t be here if. clip and once more. the torch had non been passed to a new coevals. † Obama is often referred to as an exceeding speechmaker. During his pre-inauguration passage period and go oning into his presidential term. Obama has delivered a series of hebdomadal Internet picture references. Harmonizing to the Gallup Organization. O bama began his presidential term with a 68 % blessing evaluation before bit by bit worsening for the remainder of the twelvemonth. and finally bottoming out at 41 % in August 2010. a tendency similar to Ronald Reagan’s and Bill Clinton’s first old ages in office. He experienced a little canvass bounciness shortly after the decease of Osama bin Laden. which lasted until around June 2011. when his blessing Numberss dropped back to where they were prior to the operation. Polls show strong support for Obama in other states. and before being elected President he met with outstanding foreign figures including British Prime Minister Tony Blair. Italy’s Democratic Party leader and Mayor of Rome Walter Veltroni. and Gallic President Nicolas Sarkozy. In a February 2009 canvass conducted in Western Europe and the U. S. by Harris Interactive for France 24 and the International Herald Tribune. Obama was rated as the most well-thought-of universe leader. every bit good as the most powerful. In a similar canvass conducted by Harris in May 2009. Obama was rated as the most popular universe leader. every bit good as the one figure most people would trap their hopes on for drawing the universe out of the economic downswing. Obama won Best Spoken Word Al bum Grammy Awards for abridged audiobook versions of Dreams from My Father in February 2006 and for The Audacity of Hope in February 2008. His grant address after the New Hampshire primary was set to music by independent creative persons as the music picture â€Å"Yes We Can† . which was viewed 10 million times on YouTube in its first month and received a Daytime Emmy Award. In December 2008. Time magazine named Obama as its Person of the Year for his historic campaigning and election. which it described as â€Å"the steady March of apparently impossible accomplishments† . On October 9. 2009. the Norse Nobel Committee announced that Obama had won the 2009 Nobel Peace Prize â€Å"for his extraordinary attempts to beef up international diplomatic negotiations and cooperation between peoples† . Obama accepted this award in Oslo. Norway on December 10. 2009. with â€Å"deep gratitude and great humbleness. The award drew a mixture of congratulations and unfavorable judgment from universe leaders and media figures. Obama is the 4th U. S. president to be awarded the Nobel Peace Prize and the 3rd to go a N obel laureate while Challenges and Successs In the 2nd portion of his term as president. Obama has faced a figure of obstructions and scored some triumphs as good. He signed his health-care reform program. known as the Affordable Care Act. into jurisprudence in March 2010. Obama’s program is intended to beef up consumers’ rights and to supply low-cost insurance coverage and greater entree to medical attention. His oppositions. nevertheless. claim that â€Å"Obamacare. † as they have called it. added new costs to the country’s grandiloquent budget and may go against the Fundamental law with its demand for persons to obtain insurance. On the economic forepart. Obama has worked hard to maneuver the state through hard fiscal times. He signed the Budget Control Act of 2011 in attempt to harness in authorities disbursement and forestall the authorities from defaulting on its fiscal duties. The act besides called for the creative activity of a bipartizan commission to seek solutions to the country’s financial issues. but the group failed to make any understanding on how to work out these jobs. Obama has besides handled a figure of military and security issues. In 2011. Obama helped revoke the military policy. known as â€Å"Don’t Ask. Don’t Tell. † that prevented openly cheery military personnels from functioning in the U. S. Armed Forces. He besides gave the green visible radiation to a 2011 covert operation in Pakistan. in which a squad of U. S. Navy SEALs killed ill-famed al-Qaeda leader Osama bin Laden. Obama made headlines once more in June 2012. when a authorization included in his Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act ( initiated in 2010 ) was upheld by the U. S. Supreme Court. therefore leting other of import pieces of the jurisprudence to remain integral. The jurisprudence includes free wellness showings for certain citizens. limitations to stringent insurance company policies and permission for citizens under age 26 to be insured under parental programs. among several other commissariats. In a 5-4 determination. the Court voted to continue the authorization under which citizens are required to buy wellness insurance or pay a tax—a chief proviso of Obama’s health-care law—stating that while the authorization is unconstitutional. harmonizing to the Constitution’s commercialism c lause. it falls within Congress’ constitutional power to revenue enhancement. The Supreme Court opinion has been deemed a triumph for Obama. who is approaching the terminal of his first presidental term. Leadership analysis The office of the American presidential term is a multi-faceted business that requires many sorts of leading manners. This hub briefly discusses some of the chapeaus worn by American President Barack Obama over the past four old ages. Largely the article focuses on three wide leading manners including transformational-charismatic. cross-cultural. and contingency-situational leading. Recently. I added the sentiment polls to let you to rate how you think President Obama has faired in these countries and overall. Please experience free to take part. Transformational-charismaticBefore the election. President Barack Obama attracted the attending of American’s and aliens likewise with a apparently magnetic nature. A magnetic leader has an eldritch ability to pull others to his side and travel them to carry through a cause bigger than themselves. A magnetic attack is transformational if it invokes a lasting alteration in the people who embrace the leader’s vision. During his first term. President Obama wooed at least some to his vision by demoing the possible to do a immense difference in both domestic and foreign personal businesss Cross-Cultural-Global Leadership Under the Bush Administration. America’s image lost much of its radiance. This was largely due to a one-sided. ethnocentirc foreign policy espoused by Bush and Cheney. While non taking America’s safety demands for granted. President Obama formulated a more cross-cultural attack to the universe. believing non merely of the US’s involvements but besides the involvements of the other states as good. In the first six months on the occupation. President Obama traveled abroad more than any other president at that point of his disposal and seemed to pay careful attending to cultural norms in the topographic points where he traveled. After his first twelvemonth. the President’s effort to be more compromising to the Middle East. China. and Russia were welcomed by the universe in that he received the Nobel Peace Prize. However. some believe the President’s policies toward the Middle East helped convey about the Arab Spring which resulted in the overthrow of a t least a few pro-American governments. Contingency Leadership During his first few months in office. Mr. Obama non merely displayed culturally sensitive and transformational leading. he responded to assorted state of affairss utilizing different types of leading theoretical accounts. In this manner he modeled what has been described as eventuality leading. When going abroad Obama was compromising. low and disposed to listen before speech production. When he faced the neglecting car industry. he did non soften words but stood tough to name for necessary alterations. This was seen in how he forced GM and Chrysler to accept new MPG criterions and pare down their long-time committedness to NASCAR. Under the heat of the current foreign and economic problems. Obama worked difficult to carry through what he promised understanding that each second he waited may intend a lost place or occupation for another group of citizens. Whether one liked what he did or non. Obama did non shy off from the challenges that faced him when he accepted the occupation as president. Personaility Profile Sarah Moore and Angela Rodgers. pupils at the College of Saint Benedict in St. Joseph. Minn. . did a research undertaking on â€Å"The Personality Profile of President Barack Obama: Leadership Implications† and presented the consequences at the 6th one-year Minnesota Private Colleges Scholars at the Capitol event. Feb. 19. in the State Capitol rotunda. St. Paul. Minn. The profile revealed that Barack Obama is ambitious and confident ; modestly dominant and assertive ; suiting. concerted. and agreeable ; slightly surpassing and congenial ; and comparatively painstaking. The combination of ambitious and suiting forms in Obama’s profile suggests a â€Å"confident conciliator† personality complex. Leaderships with this personality paradigm. though self-confident and ambitious. are characteristically gracious. considerate. and benevolent. They are energetic. capturing. and agreeable. with a particular endowment for settling differences and a penchant for mediation and via media over force or coercion as a scheme for deciding struggle. They are driven chiefly by a demand for accomplishment. but besides have significant association demands and a modest demand for power. The survey offers an through empirical observation based model for expecting Obama’s public presentation as main executive. The undermentioned general anticipations sing Obama’s likely leading manner can be inferred from his personality profile: * Ambitious. self-confident. gracious. considerate * Preference for mediation and via media over force or coercion as a scheme for deciding struggle * High demand for accomplishment ; moderate demand for association ; low demand for power * More matter-of-fact than ideological * More task- than relationship oriented* Likely to move as a strong advocator in his disposal. utilizing his powers of persuasion to progress his policy vision * Preference for garnering information from a assortment of beginnings instead than trusting entirely on advisers and disposal functionaries * In covering with members of Congress. may demo penchant for avoiding unneeded struggle by seeking to stay above the disturbance in heated. extremely dissentious arguments * Preference for jointing and supporting his policies in individual instead than trusting on staff and disposal functionaries to talk for him President Obama’s 14 Leadership Traits01. Bearing02. Courage ( moral and physical bravery )03. Decisiveness04. Dependability05. Endurance06. Enthusiasm07. Enterprise08. Integrity09. Opinion10. Justice11. Knowledge12. Loyalty13. Tact14. Unselfishness He is one of the few US Presidents that was non born into wealth. He will stay an inspiration for immature draw a bead oning leaders. He achieved the Presidency through excellence in leading and those same leading accomplishments will enable him to surpass those that lack such abilities and suitably airt US involvement both internally and abroad.

Tuesday, May 5, 2020

Neuronal Synapse Example For Students

Neuronal Synapse neurons communicate with each other every single second, thats how it tell you to be careful not to fall or light on your eyes, to close them Action potential travels down an axon The space between the pre- and post synaptic cleft are called SYNAPSE You can also find NT in there glutamate: excitatory (Na+) gaba: inhibitory (Cl-) dopamin, histamin (allergies), serotonin, and adrenaline ( stress) what are some NT? Neuromuscular Junction axon terminal contacting the cell, gap contained, it released molecules at the synapse that passes to the membrane of the target cells Chemical synapse has a gap the cells are physically connected, they are connected to the cell membrane. the axon terminal specifically bind the target cells: Inside of neuron talks with the inside of the cell. Cytoplasm of the two connected. ions directly connected. Electrical synapse has no gap chemical synapse The most common form of the synapse in human would be the pre synaptic vs. post synaptic when calcium enters from the outside, this cause the membrane to diffuse with the and exit all of the NT that it contains: Neurotransmitter release NT are molecules that communicate information between neuron and its target cells. There are 100s of neurotransmitters Types of NT amino group and carboxylic group, peptide NTs. Peptides are chains of amino acids, bunch of them together and we called them peptides. * glutamate (+), GABA (-), Glycine NT amino acids these are biogenetic amines, mono amines are organic molecules, connected to an aromatic group and the amino group connected by carbon chains. catecarlamines, (sub group of amino, which has a benzene, had hydroxy amine) * serotonin, histamine, (dopamine, epinephrine and norepinephrine: catecholamine) conciseness, cognition, thinking, emotions, many disorder has to do with monoamines! (Opioids: endorphine, has to do with pain receptors. NT monoamines NT peptides ACTH: central nervous system, peripheral NS, motor neurons synapse at the skeletal muscles. other molecular NT: Amino acids, monoamines, peptides and other NTs. Dendrites: excitatory Cell body: inhibitory terminal: excitatory/ inhibitory NT could be excitatory or inhibitory: metabotropic vs. inotropic inotropic, ligand gated ion channel : Cl-, Ca++, Na+, K+ > depolarization metabotropic: secondary messenger neuron -change the activity of protein + genes -affect is larger! The interaction of metabotropic vs. inotropic 1) Diffusion, slowing up the action potential 2) Enzymes: synapse break down the NT into compartments 3) Re-uptake pump, actively removes the NT from the synapse 4) Astrocytes: CNS, absorbs NT inside ALL this TURNs it ON/ OFF How to remove NT from a synapse How the nervous system changes in response to experiance Neuroplasticity changes in synapses and other parts of the neuron Neuroplasticity potentiation, parts mostly used strength of information can increases and it is called depression, parts used rarely strength of information can decrease and it is called when it happens at the level of synapse, or at level of enter cell: structural synaptic Neuroplasticity Look at it careful, it is used most of often today potentiation vs. depression Neuroplasticity C Which term describes the space between a neuron and its target cell? Please choose from one of the following options. Axon terminal Post synaptic membrane Synaptic cleft Dendritic spine Both chemical and electrical synapses relay information through similar mechanisms. Which of the following statements does not accurately describe synapses? Voltage-gated calcium channels What channel plays a role in the release of neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft? Action potentials ultimately result in more calcium leaving the target cell at the post synaptic membrane. Which of the following statements about action potentials and information transmission in the synaptic cleft is false? Gamma-aminobutyric acid What is the most common inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain? Histamine Which neurotransmitter is not classified as a catecholamine? Please choose from one of the following options. Epinephrine Norepinephrine Histamine Dopamine Metabotropic neurotransmitter receptors move more slowly than ionotropic neurotransmitter receptors. There are two main types of neurotransmitter receptors. Which of the following statements about receptors accurately describes how they function? Enzymatic deactivation How is acetylcholine removed from the postsynaptic membrane? Structural depression Which of the following terms describes the type of plasticity that occurs when entire neurons are lost due to decreased activity? Serotonin One specific type of antidepressant medication works by blocking the removal of neurotransmitters. Which of the following neurotransmitters is most likely the target of the antidepressant medication? temporal vs. spatial summation Everything about summation everything about summation Graded potential vs. Action Potential The neuron resting potential maintain -60 mV The outside: negative The inside: positive The electrical: each membrane attracted to the OPP charge The chemical force: The concentration gradient, diffusion force. Electrical vs. chemical gradient Look how the ions gets in in out of the cell: How neurons created and why they decay over time jumps from node to node Saltatory conduction How the action potential takes place across an axon because the membrane is in refractory period. AP goes only in one direction, why? Learn how action potential working and, leak channels and voltage gated. it makes it faster less resistance more conduction more ions flow and inc A.P How does myelination changes action potential? larger vs. smaller axon Action Potential Patterns: temporal response pattern amount of NT release. D Which of the following is the correct definition of a cation? Please choose from one of the following options. A cation is a negatively charged ion. A cation is an ion that can have a positive or negative charge. A cation is an ion that cannot have a charge. A cation is a positively charged ion. A Which term describes the cell membrane potential of a neuron at rest? Please choose from one of the following options. Polarized Hyperpolarized Repolarized Depolarized B How are potassium ions typically moved out of a neuron when the membrane is at rest? Please choose from one of the following options. Electrical gradients move potassium ions out of the cell. Concentration gradients move potassium ions out of the cell. Potassium ions are stable and do not move when a membrane is at rest. The sodium-potassium pump moves potassium ions out of the cell. A Action potentials are characterized by which of the following? Please choose from one of the following options. Rapid depolarization Repolarization Slightly negative polarization Depolarization or hyperpolarization C Absolute and relative refractory periods are important aspects of which of the following? Please choose from one of the following options. Graded potentials Equilibrium potentials Action potentials Resting potentials B Which of the following statements is false? Please choose from one of the following options. Refractory periods are not associated with graded potentials, but are associated with action potentials. Graded potentials are always hyperpolarizing, whereas action potentials are always depolarizing. Graded potentials are always decremental, whereas action potentials are always non-decremental. Graded potentials are proportional to the magnitude of the stimulus, whereas action potentials are all-or-none. B Which statement describes the membrane potential at the peak of an action potential? Please choose from one of the following options. The membrane potential is much more positive than the Na+ equilibrium potential. The membrane potential is slightly less positive than the Na+ equilibrium potential. The membrane potential is slightly more positive than the Na+ equilibrium potential. The membrane potential is the same as the Na+ equilibrium potential. C How would action potentials be affected in a myelinated axon if nodes are far apart? Please choose from one of the following options. Action potentials would not be affected Action potentials might travel more slowly Action potentials might stop Action potentials might travel more quickly C Which of the following neuronal processes transmits an action potential? Please choose from one of the following options. Dendrite Soma Axon Glia C Saltatory conduction refers to which of the following? Please choose from one of the following options. The conduction of a graded potential along a demyelinated axon. The conduction of a graded potential along a myelinated axon. The conduction of an action potential along a myelinated axon. The conduction of an action potential along a demyelinated axon. B The resting potential for a particular neuron is measured to be -60 mV. Which of the following distributions of ions could not produce this measurement? Please choose from one of the following options. More cations than anions on both sides of the cell membrane More anions than cations on the outside of the membrane, more cations than anions on the inside of the membrane More cations than anions on the outside of the membrane, more anions than cations on the inside of the membrane More anions than cations on both sides of the cell membrane A In the resting state, which of the following mineral ions is found in greatest concentration inside a neuron? Please choose from one of the following options. Potassium cation Chloride anion Calcium cation Sodium cation A In the resting state, which of the following mineral ions has an electrical force vector pointing out of the neuron? Please choose from one of the following options. Chloride anion Calcium cation Sodium cation Potassium cation D Researchers use genetic engineering techniques to culture neuronal cells with sodium-potassium pumps that, for each molecule of ATP, transport 2 sodium cations for every 3 potassium cations; assuming that all other aspects are held equal, which of the following would be most affected by this change, as compared to what happens in a normal neuronal cell? Please choose from one of the following options. The diffusion force on potassium cations would be smaller and in the opposite direction The diffusion force on potassium cations would be larger and in the opposite direction The diffusion force on potassium cations would be smaller and in the same direction The diffusion force on potassium cations would be larger and in the same direction D What is the primary difference in graded potentials versus actions potentials? Please choose from one of the following options. Graded potentials do not involve transient production of charged molecules inside the neuron, while action potentials involve the flow of charged molecules across the neuron membrane Graded potentials occur in axons, while action potentials occur in the dendrites and soma Graded potentials occur in neurons of the peripheral nervous system, while actions potentials occur in neurons of the central nervous system Action potentials occur in axons, while graded potentials occur in the dendrites and soma C D Nematodes are small worm-like animals with roughly 300 neurons. Imagine that a mutation is introduced into a population of nematodes that down-regulates the production of Schwann cells. Which of the following phenotypes would you predict to have a selective advantage in the population? Please choose from one of the following options. Nematodes with larger soma Nematodes with smaller diameter axons Nematodes with longer axons Nematodes with shorter axons C Where are voltage-gated sodium channels found in greatest concentration? Please choose from one of the following options. In the axon terminals In the nodes of Ranvier In the trigger zones In the dendrites B Reduced permeability of potassium leak channels would affect which of the following aspects of action potentials in a neuron? Please choose from one of the following options. The activation threshold The time to reach maximum repolarization The time to reach maximum depolarization The size of the depolarization wave A Which of the following neurons is least likely to exist in nature? Please choose from one of the following options. A neuron that fires action potentials to a certain maximum amplitude, and increases this amplitude when it receives excitatory inputs A neuron that fires action potentials at a steady state, and decreases this rate when it receives inhibitory inputs A neuron that does not fire action potentials until stimulated by an excitatory input A neuron that fires action potentials at a steady rate, and increases this rate when it receives excitatory inputs * Neurons * Glial cells Neural cells * Brain * Spinal Cord CNS made all of nerves PNS Neural tube=CNS Neural Crest=PNS neuro tube vs. neuro crest glial cells (support cells) Neurons ( send message) some has nucleus * some axons short others longer * Some axons has more branches than others. Look careful large axons gets covered by myeline, Deep sleep allows the body an escape from time Essaytake a careful look at the image! The neurons stem cells> neuroblast>unipolar neuron. Types of neurons * Unipolar neuron * Bipolar Neuron * Multipolar Neuron (in adult) * Pseudo unipolar Neuron process and transmit information. summation of all neurons gets added at the axon hillock. what are the function of neurons: summation of the excitatory and inhibitory neurons as graded potential. AP is conducted the entire length of an axon, no matter how long it is NT bind to the receptors on the target cells: central summation turned into temporal summation what are the function type of neurons Astrocytes to protect the cells, they are end feet at the end of astrocyte processes 1) Astrocytes form scaffold if injury in the brain or spinal cord, it will try to cover the cavity, they grow longer processes from a longer tissue. Scaffolding the CNS and structural support for the injury and the cavity. 2) Astrocytes scar releases lactate and neurons little nutrient depends on the oxygen and glucose, neurons uses lactate if no glucose or oxygen. 3) Astrocytes Homeostasis Astrocytes prevents molecules to pass from the into the blood vessel to the entering the brain. 4) Astrocytes Blood Brain Barrier synapse connection, btw neurons and clearing the molecule communication. Astrocytes hard working cells of CNS. 5) Astrocytes clear synapse 1) Reactive O species kill cell like bacteria 2) phagocytosis the microglial cells acts like an immune system in the CNS, they find inflammation, it gets activated, and it kills the bacteria or whatever causing the inflammation. *simple epithelial cuboidal cells * capillaries IF=fluid between cells * cilli and microvilli The central fluid is called the central spinal fluid. The ependymal cells are covering the cells, 1) Barrier between cells form 2) Participate in secreting CSF what are the two things formed by the ependymal cells? It can militant multiple axons, myelin made of lipid, fat. Rubber coating insulation. Oligodendrocytes they only militate a single segment of the axon, provides support for the peripheral cells glial of the PNS, schwan cells (shapeless cells) oligodendrocytes vs. schwan cells D GABA is an inhibitory neurotransmitter. Which part of the cell does it interact with? Please choose from one of the following options. Myelin sheath Soma Axon Dendrites C Guillain-Barre syndrome is an autoimmune disease which attack gangliosides, which are molecules found on the outside of a cell. Patients with this disease have a nerve conduction block which is often caused by a slowed conduction potential and can lead to paralysis. Which type of cell is attacked? Please choose from one of the following options. Astrocytes Oligodendrocytes Schwann cells Neurons C What is the most common cell type in the brain? Please choose from one of the following options. Oligodendrocyte Ependymal cell Astrocyte Neuron C The choroid plexus is a structure made of capillaries and modified neural cells that produces the fluid that cushions the central nervous system. What types of cells are found in the choroid plexus? Please choose from one of the following options. Oligodendrocytes Neurons Ependymal cells Astrocytes D The microglia arise from which embryonic layer? Please choose from one of the following options. Ectoderm Endoderm Neural crest Mesoderm D A increased number of microglia would indicate which of the following? Please choose from one of the following options. Multiple sclerosis Subdural hematoma Peripheral nerve damage Bacterial meningitis A The dorsal root ganglion (DRG) lies just outside the interface between the central and peripheral nervous systems, and holds the cell bodies for those neurons that transmit signals between the two. What type of neurons are found in the dorsal root ganglion? Please choose from one of the following options. Pseudounipolar Monopolar Multipolar Bipolar B Which of the following is not a function of astrocytes? Please choose from one of the following options. Structural support Interstitial fluid monitoring for pathogens Barrier protection Hypoxia buffering C A local nerve block is a technique which shuts off afferent receptors in the target area. What is its effect? Please choose from one of the following options. Temporary paralysis Slows heart rate Anesthetic Anti-tetanus central=brain and spinal cord peripheral=the rest. The structure of the Nervous System (central and peripheral) cerebrum cerebral hemisphere * top: med brain * middle: ponds * bottom: medulla brain stem cerebellum Prosencephalon: it cerebrem forebrain Mesencephalon : midbrain Midbrain Rhambincephalon : pons, medulla and cerebellum Hindbrain spinal cord CNS 1) nerves carry axons of neurons 2) ganglia ( lumps attached to the nerve they contain the somas of the neurons) PNS contains two types of structures Afferent neurons carry info into the CNS Efferent neurons-carry info out into the PNS There are a lot of nerves going all over the body PNS information carries comes out of the brain Cranial nerves 12 pairs of cranial nerves and 31 spinal nerves spinal nerve roots afferent and efferent, all nerves keep branching, proximal part of nerves: they branch and eventually becomes microscopic. mix nerves cranial nerves pass the skull out in the periphery patterns of abnormal function. Syndromes are what? 1) Basic Functions (made of CNS+ PNS) 2) Higher Functions functions of the nervous system is divided into two sections: the cranial nerves perform the basic function of cranial nerves while the spinal cord performs the function of the spinal region basic function 1) Motor (skeletal muscle control) provides movement, posture and tone. End result of contraction 2) Sensory functions: anything that the nervous system can detect. (vision, hearing, smell, teste, vestibular sense, somato sensation) 3) Automatic no concious involvement, reflex is an example. control of body system Basic functions of the CNS divided into 3 sections: cognition: (thinking, learning, memory, language, executive) emotions: feelings, experiance of life consciousness: awareness of being a person and controlling ones action. Higher part of the function is performed by parts of the brain: 3 categories, Everything all together LMN (efferent) carrying information away from the CNS control the skeletal muscles motor unit: one lower motor unit this motor neurons contacting two skeletal muscle cells, they are the other part of the motor unit. The motor unit made of couple parts: because when it contracts it causes all of the unit in the skeletal muscle to contract: the space b/w the muscle cells and the LMN is called a neuromuscular junction. All the cells are activated at the same time. why it is called a motor unit? the brain and spinal cord (skeletal muscles) The lower motor neurons in the cranial controls controls everywhere else. These muscles has small motor units, they are synapsing on the small muscles. Big muscles in the thigh, they have large motor units. The motor unit of the spinal cord 1) weakness, loss of contraction of skeletal muscle. what happens if any kind of abnormality in the motor unit? 1) weakness and LMN signs, Atrophy of skeletal muscle-decreases bulk of skeletal muscle, size is decreased. Thee muscles shrivel up 2) Fasciculations: twitch of skeletal muscle, involuntary, little twitch of the muscle happens. Lots of twitching happening 3) Hypotonia: a decreases in the tone of skeletal muscle, it refers to how muscle contracting, not as much tone. 3) Hyporeflexia=decrease muscle stretch reflexes, reflex happens if you rapidly strech. Abnormality in the LMN it provides problems in the areas of the body If the LMN doesnt provide constant stimulation to the skeletal muscle then the senses of the body, * postion sense ( moving arm, you know it) * vibration sense (turning fork) * touch * Pain * temperature what are somatosensation respond to physical forces: mechanoreceptors * postion * vibration * Touch what are some of the somatosensory receptors? * postion * vibration * Touch nociceptors 1) experiance of pain What are some of the somator receptors for pain? Thermoreceptors what are some of the somatorsensory receptors of temp? In the skin, there are number of axons entering the skins, mechanoreceptors: they tend to have structure on the end of the axon, close to the surface of the skin. You can also find them in the deep tissue, they magnify one large in muscle. Relative position and body parts. where these somatosensory receptors mostly found? Temperature and pain moves slow Position, vibration, Touch moves fast Reflex response to a stimulus that doesnt require a point of consciousness Reflex =afferent part (bring information about stimulus into the CNS) Efferent=carries information away from the CNS causes response to a periphery. Muscle stretch reflex: the nervous system forms many kind of reflexes if a skeletal muscle is rapidly contracting, as a protective response from being stretched rapidly. One of the good reflexes is called the muscle stretch reflex the doc is heating in the tendon, hooks the muscle and bone, the renden stretches the large group of muscle, it stretches it and rapidly this happens, muscle stretch happens, it spread out. Muscle spindles, special fiber, neuron axon. stretch the fibers to bring it back to the CNS Leg kick out to the stimulus the rubber hammer Everything you must know about reflexes Autonomic Nervous System Gray matter vs. white matter Everything you need to know on UMP One side gets injured effects the other side of the body Cerebellum coordinating movement Brain steam subcortical cerebrum Cerebral cortex lession studyies and exeprimental ablation Lession studies and experimetal It doesnt tell us what areas of the brain is active at a given time. Different way to see the structure of a Brain 1) CT scan uses radio waves and atoms of the brain line up, disturbs the atoms of the brains , cant tell us the brain function Different way to see the structure of a Brain 1) MRI it gives wave lines, tells is person is awake or sleep. Different ways to see the function of the brain EEG requires more for room set up, Different ways to see the function of the brain MEG Different ways to see the structure/function of the brain FMRI inject brain with glucose to see the structures better. Different ways to see the structure/function of the brain PSCAN D Which of the following structures is a part of the rhombencephalon? Please choose from one of the following options. Temporal lobe Thalamus Substantia nigra Medulla D Which of the following accurately describes the direction of an impulse moving through a neuron that carries information to the central nervous system (CNS) from the peripheral nervous system (PNS)? Please choose from one of the following options. An efferent neuron, impulse moving distally. An afferent neuron, impulse moving distally. An efferent neuron, impulse moving proximally. An afferent neuron, impulse moving proximally. C Which of the following is an example of a basic nervous system function? Please choose from one of the following options. Learning English as a second language Feeling afraid of the dark Sweating during a yoga class Remembering a painful experience C Sympathetic nervous system activation constricts arteries found within the salivary glands. Which of the following statements correctly describes the activation of autonomic nervous system function within the circulatory system? C B A 55-year old woman is diagnosed with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) and reports symptoms of general weakness, muscle atrophy, and muscle twitching. What type of nervous system dysfunction is she likely experiencing? Please choose from one of the following options. Upper motor neuron dysfunction Lower motor neuron dysfunction Axon degeneration Demyelination C If an individual were to sustain a significant injury to their right cerebral hemisphere, where might somatosensory loss of functioning occur? Please choose from one of the following options. Both sides of the body Right side of the body Left side of the body There is no evidence that loss of functioning would occur. C A veteran is admitted to the hospital after sustaining a traumatic brain injury. A magnetic resonance image (MRI) shows significant damage to the veterans cerebellum. The damage would result in difficulty with which of the following functions? Please choose from one of the following options. Sensation of pain Regulation of temperature Coordination of movement Regulation of emotion D A researcher is interested in learning more about individual perceptions of pain and develops a trial where participants experience electric shocks. He applies a low grade electric shock to a participants right hand. Where would this information typically be processed by the participants brain? Please choose from one of the following options. Pain sensation is not processed by cerebral cortex Both sides of the cerebral cortex Right side of the cerebral cortex Left side of the cerebral cortex B Which of the following areas of the brain is not involved in the diffuse cortical projection of dopamine? Please choose from one of the following options. Hypothalamus Raphe nuclei Substantia nigra Ventral tegmentum D Jenny receives a golden retriever puppy for her birthday. She picks up the puppy and is surprised at how soft and fluffy the puppys fur feels. What lobe of Jennys cerebral cortex first processes the information about the feel of the puppys fur? Please choose from one of the following options. Temporal lobe Occipital lobe Frontal lobe Parietal lobe